Urbanization affects biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and regional climate. This study was done to monitor effect of urbanization on Land Surface Temperature in Athi River Sub-County using remote sensing techniques. Athi River has been experiencing rapid urbanization due to its proximity to Nairobi county.  One of the most prominent aspects of urban climate is Land Surface Temperature. Use of remote sensing images has gained traction in the past years in monitoring temperature, hence their use in this study.

Turkwel reservoir is a Hydro-electric power plant that serves to be the second largest after Masinga Hydro-electric power plant. The design storage capacity of Turkwel reservoir has been reducing over the years and the main reason attributed to this reduction is the sedimentation of loose aggregates of soil particles that are detached due to erosion and transported downstream by stream networks that drain into the Turkwel reservoir.

Environmentally friendliness of renewable energy, sustainability, and championship from international bodies such as IRENA and United Nations under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has led to the massive rise of development and utilization of renewable energy in the world. Global installed wind-generated capacity onshore and offshore has increased by a factor of almost 75 in the past two decades, jumping from 7.5GW in 1997 to 564GW by 2018.